Early Modern Philosophy

Ethics by Baruch Spinoza: Powerful Lessons You’ll Regret Missing

We’re pulled by emotions, confused by conflicting beliefs, and uncertain about freedom. Ethics by Baruch Spinoza asks: What would life look like if we understood our place in nature clearly, … Read more

The Surprising Reason Descartes’s Meditations On First Philosophy Still Dominates Western Philosophy

Meditations on First Philosophy by René Descartes review

If everything you trust—your senses, your memories, even mathematics—could be wrong, what could you still know for sure? Meditations on First Philosophy tackles that nightmare directly: by doubting everything, Descartes … Read more